Chapter 13: Chemicals for Consumers
A. Knowledge (Definition, meaning and facts) | Check |
- What is soap?
- What is saponification process?
- What is detergent?
State the functions of each of the following additives in detergent.
- Whitening agent(example: sodium perborate)
- Optical whitener(fluorescent dyes)
- Biological enzyme (Example: amylases, lipases, proteases and cellulases)
- Fragrance
- What is hard water?
State the function of each of the following food additives:
- Preservatives ( Sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate)
- Antioxidants (Ascorbic acid)
- Flavourings (Monosodium glutamate (MSG), Aspartame)
- Stabilisers
- Thickeners
State the functions of the following modern medicines.
- Analgesics ( Aspirin, Paracetamol, Codeine)
- Antibiotics ( Penicilin, Streptomycin)
- Psychotherapeutic medicine ( Stimulant, Antidepressant, Antipsychotic)
- State the side effects of paracetamol and aspirin.
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B. Understanding / Application / Analysis | |
- Describe the cleansing action of soap.
- Explain why the cleansing action of a detergent is more effective than a soap in hard water.
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C. Synthesis | |
- Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare soap from palm oil using the saponification process.
- Describe a laboratory experiment to investigate the cleansing action of a soap and a detergent in hard water.
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